Piaget And Erikson s Theory Of Development - 1239 Words

Piaget, Vygotsky, and Erikson are very well known men for their different theories of development. Although each of them believe different things about how a child develops, I believe that a child can go through all of these theories and benefit from them. I also understand that not everyone is the same, and what might be true for someone could be different for someone else. In my own personal experience, I believe I went through and I’m going through all these different stages in theories throughout my life. I also work at a daycare and we use aspects from each of these theories when going about teaching children. The three different theories include: Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky;s sociocultural theory of†¦show more content†¦The teacher could place two cups that have the same amount of liquid in the cups but because one of the cups is taller than the other the child is going to think the taller glass has more liquid in it. The third stag e is the concrete operational stage which occurs during ages seven to eleven. The term concrete operational means the child can reason only about tangible objects presents. So the child can conserve and think logically but only with practical aids. Thinking becomes less egocentric with increased awareness of external events. The fourth and final stage is the formal operational stage which occurs during ages eleven to fifteen. This stage focuses on hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning. Piaget believed that only children can learn when they are ‘ready’ to learn. He also believed that development couldn t be ‘sped up.’ Piaget believed that children learned through the resolution of disequilibrium (self discovery, active participation). He believed that teachers should ‘bend’ to children’s needs, provide an appropriate environment, promote self discovery, exploratory learning, self-motivated learning, and set challenges to existing schemes. In Vygotsky’s sociocultural development theory, social interaction plays an important role in the process of cognitive development, which is different then Piaget’s understanding of child development. Vygotsky believed children are active knowledgeShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development969 Words   |  4 Pages20th century, the development of psychology is constantly expanding. Erikson and Piaget are two of the ealier well known theorist, both being significant in the field. Their belief s are outlined in Piaget s Cognitive Development Theory and Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory. These theories, both similar and different, have a certain significance as the stages are outlined.Erikson and Piaget were similar in their careers and made huge progressions in child development and education. WithRead MoreDevelopment Of A Child s Social And Emotional Development1377 Words   |  6 Pageschild development there have been many scientific s tudies which have formed our understanding of children’s social and emotional development, within this essay I am going to look at some of the theses developmental theories and how they have impacted modern day society in understanding the development of a child’s social and emotional development. Development is the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan (Santrock, 2008, p.5) Emotional development is theRead MoreErik Erikson And Jean Piaget s Theories Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson and Jean Piaget are quite similar in their theories. Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory is only slightly different than Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory. Both theorists use the idea of developmental stages. Although the stages vary in what they entail, the carry the same idea of progressive development. Jean Piaget was born September 16, 1980, in Switzerland. His research found â€Å"that the growth of knowledge is a progress ive construction of logically embedded structures superseding oneRead MoreChild Development Explanations And Understanding1702 Words   |  7 PagesChild development explanations and understanding is a complicated process and it is hard deciding the right process to use with each child. Many individuals and doctors have their own way of thinking how the body and mind develops. Their ideas have no right or wrong answers and are mere guesses of human growth. No one idea can be applied directly to a person, without looking at another idea also. To prove these explanations of psychology, scientific methods are used. Teachers may use all patternsRead MorePiaget Of The Child : Theories Of Development Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Study of the Child: Theories of Development I† (Learning Seed, 1997), according to Vygotsky, the cognitive development in children is in direct relationship, and dependent on interaction with others. (Feldman 2010, pg. 20). Vygotsky believed to truly understand cognitive development; a child’s social and cultural experiences must be considered. Piaget believes theorists that focus on the mind are called cognitive theorists. Piaget was most interested in how children think. Piaget describes stagesRead MoreHas Anyone Put Any Psychological Thought Into How They1483 Words   |  6 Pagespsychologists, Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget, dedicated their lives to this type of development. Erikson theorists would take a social influence stance, and Piagetian theorists focus on one’s cognition. So, who is right? More knowledge has been obtained to know that human behavior should be social and the need to socialize with other people. Erikson believes this whereas Piaget thought of qualitative thinking that shapes a child. Erikson is more influential about identity development because he explainsRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development Theory1642 Words   |  7 PagesHuman development theories are theories intended to account for how and why people become, as they are. These theories provide the framework to clarify and organize e xisting observations and to try to explain and predict human behavior. It is important to recognize the complexity of human development and the theories that explain human development. (Berger, pg. 23). The three theories that have influenced by development are Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Humanism and Erik Erikson’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Eriksons Theory On Early Childhood Education1212 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Jean Piaget once asked, â€Å"Are we forming children who are only capable of learning what is already known?† With there being so many theoriest whose research and ideas have made an impact on early childhood education. Knowing the teoriests and the ideas that they had is vital in the education profession. Erik Erikson Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive. If life is to be sustained hope must remain, even where confidenceRead MoreEarly Life Experiences Impact The Person Across Their Lifespan930 Words   |  4 Pagesconveyed in the Jane Piaget theory ‘Stages of cognitive development’ (1936) and Erik Erikson theory ‘Psychosocial stages’ (1950). Piaget argued that children develop knowledge by constructing their experience and observe with their own ideas about how the thing works.(Burton, L.J., Westen, d. Kowalski, R.M. 2015) He developed 4 stages of his theory: Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage and Formal Operational Stage. At the same time, Erik Erikson proposed a psychoanalyticRead MoreDevelopmental Case Study Of A Kindergartener987 Words   |  4 Pagesexplores the cognitive development, psychosocial development, moral reasoning, and oral language development of a five year old, Hispanic male kindergartener, named Esteban. These different stages are tested with the use of Piaget, Erikson, and Kohlberg s theory as identified in the text, Slavin, R. (2015), Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice (11th ed., pp. 29-66), and the Student Oral Language Observation Matrix (SOLOM). Keywords: Cognitive Development, Psychosocial Development, Moral Reasoning

The Snow Queen by Michael Cunningham

The new novel by Michael Cunningham, The Snow Queen, takes its name from the famous fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen, telling the story about love and how its power can eventually prevail over any adversity. Cunningham is known as the author of several critically acclaimed novels, including: The Hours, postmodern reworking of Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway. Pulitzer Prize-winning A Home at the End of the World. Specimen Days, heavily based on Walt Whitman’s poetry. However, in this work Cunningham steps from what is perceived by many as his specific approach of reworking original plots and concepts in a new way, which he used, for example, in his reimagining of Mrs Dalloway in The Hours. This time he takes from the original nothing much but the title, the topic of love in a very general sense, and all-pervading symbolism of winter, cold, and ice. An Icy Slice of Life The Snow Queen tells the story of two brothers going through midlife crisis. Both of them were considered to be very talented in their early years, but didn’t manage to find their places in life and reached middle age without ever making decisions or really achieving something. Barrett knows his way about poetry and knows more about Western philosophy than an average college professor, but works in a vintage clothing store, while Tyler, although possessing a real gift and inclination for music, remains an almost unknown musician and spends the majority of his time in his shabby apartment with Beth, his girlfriend dying from cancer. In the beginning of the novel Barrett sees a vision while walking through the Central Park. He doesn’t know what it is: a mystical experience, a vision, a UFO, an early sign of epilepsy or a misplaced case of Aurora Borealis. He doesn’t tell anybody, including his brother, about it, because he is not ready to allow Tyler to worry about him. Later he often wonders how this experience influenced his life and what happens around him, looking for the signs of this influence everywhere, for example, in the remission Beth undergoes soon after. Changes in Style The Snow Queen if different from earlier novels by Michael Cunningham not only because here he explores his own plotlines instead of reworking the works of other people in postmodern manner. His style differs quite a bit from the previous examples of his writing. It seems that Cunningham’s extensive study of Virginia Woolf’s creative work did a lot of good for his skills. Before he sometimes looked helpless when trying to express emotion – he tended to deepen into sentimentality and drown the reader in the flow of purple prose. In The Snow Queen this job is done by the stream of consciousness, which bears strong resemblance to Virginia Woolf’s, but still possesses unmistakable personal quirks characteristic of Cunningham. It allows him to tap directly into his characters’ feelings and emotions, without forcing the reader to deal with never-ending descriptions. All in all, it is certainly a turn for the better.

Analysis Of John Milton s Waiting For Godot - 1335 Words

Knowledge can be taken or given in any situation. The transfer of power through knowledge is inevitable, but how an individual uses it is unique to every person. Even though someone may have power, it would be useless unless it was credited by other people. The approval of others in a society is what drives the strength of power. Intelligence may be apparent in a certain individual, but without validation their knowledge is forgotten and not even considered active. If the most knowledgeable entity’s intellectual superiority, the Christian God, was not supported by others, then he would not be the center of an entire religion. In John Milton’s epic poem, his power is defined by his ability to make other people love him with complete obedience and by withholding knowledge. Pozzo, from Samuel Beckett’s play, Waiting for Godot, does the same by controlling all of his slave’s actions and withholding Lucky full potential to be an intellectual human. On the surfa ce, Pozzo from Waiting for Godot and God from Paradise Lost seem to lack similarities, however the amount of power they possess in their own situations is indistinguishable and the different ways in which they utilize their knowledge provides a glance into how different individuals react when they are superior. God is the omnipotent force driving much of John Milton’s epic poem, Paradise Lost. His power comes from his knowledge of everything in time and his control over his creations. Milton describes him as the â€Å"holy

Essay on The Invisible Mans Identity - 2066 Words

Upon opening Ralph Waldo Ellison’s book The â€Å"Invisible Man†, one will discover the shocking story of an unnamed African American and his lifelong struggle to find a place in the world. Recognizing the truth within this fiction leads one to a fork in its reality; One road stating the narrators isolation is a product of his own actions, the other naming the discriminatory views of the society as the perpetrating force infringing upon his freedom. Constantly revolving around his own self-destruction, the narrator often settles in various locations that are less than strategic for a man of African-American background. To further address the question of the narrator’s invisibility, it is important not only to analyze what he sees in himself,†¦show more content†¦This distance seems to lessen as the narrator is introduced to the brotherhood, but this does not last for long. Handed a new identity in order to maximize his protection, the narrator continues to walk away from his true self. A new name, but a false name at that, the narrator continues to increase his sense of invisibility. In due course, the narrator once again deals with the reality that he does not move by his own accord. Exploited for evangelism, the narrator is left with the single option of leaving the brotherhood. Once again he is left disposing of a fantasy that seemed tangible. Holding a belief that opposes the advice his Grandfather once gave him, the narrator welcomes others to exploit him. His Grandfather had once warned him of the tricks that the white would play, a sense of trickery that the narrator becomes part of time and time again. For example, at the university he is one of many African-American males, but as he incorporates his own values into his work with Mr. Norton he makes a huge mistake. The mistake itself being, bringing Mr. Norton to a a bar less than suitable for a man of his color and standing. While at this bar he encounters a veteran who warns him about Dr. Bledsoe and society as a whole. Dr. Bledsoe, an African American man with a role of authority becomes intertwined with the fate of the narrator as misplaced trust is once again exploited. This time taken advantage of by those of the same race and background,Show MoreRelatedThe Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison1409 Words   |  6 Pagesin Ralph Ellison’s novel, The Invisible Ma n, the prologue serves as the beginning of the end, in preparation for an epilogue that revisits the narrator’s original inner conflict at the end of a personal narrative. Situated in a hidden underground cellar, the main character, the Invisible Man recounts the journey of his naive youth from the American south to the seemingly optimistic north in Harlem, New York. However, through several unjust experiences, the Invisible Man doubts the possibility ofRead MoreThe Role Of Identity In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man1236 Words   |  5 Pagesyour own identity to influence how you see yourself is a tribulation young adolescents face. In the novel, Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, Ellison highlighted the struggles the main character, the â€Å"Invisible Man (IM)†, faced when it came to the division between how he distinguished himself and how the people in his life distinguished him. This caused a lack of self-established identity within the Invisible Man and throughout th e course of the novel, various factors caused the Invisible Man to rethinkRead MoreRalph Ellison s Invisible Man925 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Ellison’s, Invisible Man, Grandfather’s dream presents a piece of advice that challenges and opens Invisible Man’s eyes to different perspectives. The dream haunts Invisible Man as he often refers to and reflects upon his grandfather’s advice. Invisible Man struggles with its complex and unclear meaning, but it eventually leads him to find his true identity. Through this struggle, Ellison suggests that power and conflicting ideologies can make it difficult to find one’s identity in a racist societyRead MoreCritical Analysis: Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesRalph Ellison’s Invisible Man, we are presented with an unnamed narrator whose values and potentials are invisible to the world around him. Throughout the entirety of the novel, we see the unnamed narrator, also known as the Invisible Man, struggle in an attempt to uncover his identity buried beneath African American oppression and an aggregation of deception. Ellison shows us how lies and deceit may serve as a grave but invaluable obstacle to one’s journey to find their identity. Through the useRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prologue Of Ralph Ellison s Invisible Man1367 Words   |  6 PagesIn the prologue of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man, the unnamed narrator says that he is invisible, for he is not actually seen—or rather recognized—for his true self but through the imaginations of others’ minds. As surreal as his life under this â€Å"invisibility† and, literally, the ground is, the Invisible Man convinces with vivid details and emphatic diction. But the passage detailing his hallucination seems out of place, as it has far more ambiguous language and moral. However, his hallucinationRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1303 Words   |  6 PagesRalph Ellison’s Invisible Man is a story about an unnamed African American man trying to find a place for himself in white America. Throughout his life, he believes that his whole existence solely depends on recognition and approval of white people, which stems from him being taught to view whites as superior. The Invisible Man strives to correspond to the values and expectations of the dominate social group, but he is continuously unable to merge his socially imposed role as a black man with hisRead More`` Blackness `` : An Invisible Disposition Explored Through Free Enterprise And Invisible Man1509 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Blackness†: An Invisible Disposition Explored Through Free Enterprise and Invisible Man As observed throughout history and various societies, the notion of a â€Å"racial hierarchy† proves to be a superficial design that ultimately assigns value to a group of people based solely upon their skin color. As a result, certain groups are promptly associated with influence and supremacy, while others are disregarded in their â€Å"inherent† inferiority. Michelle Cliff’s Free Enterprise (1993) and the prologueRead MoreThe Invisible Man by H.G. Wells Essays892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Invisible Man by H. G. Wells gives an account of a man’s descent into madness as the result of his scientific feat, invisibility. Griffin, the invisible man, first appears as a mysterious stranger, bandaged and seeking shelter and recluse but progressively transforms into a lawless individual with a proposition to initiate a reign of terror. The change in Griffin’s character occurs due to his invisibility and the power it provides because â€Å"there is no on e, on this view, who is iron-willed enoughRead MoreDesiree s Free Enterprise And Ralph Ellison s Invisible Man1493 Words   |  6 Pagesgroup of people based solely upon their skin color. As a result, certain groups are promptly associated with influence and supremacy, while others are disregarded in their â€Å"inherent† inferiority. Michelle Cliff’s Free Enterprise and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man approach this paradigm by facilitating their readers’ understandings regarding the debilitating ostracism associated with the social construct of â€Å"blackness,† as well as the metaphorical societal invisibility that is suffered as a result. InRead MoreAnalysis Of Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison1665 Words   |  7 PagesRyan LaFleche 2-21-16 Dr. Valkeakari AMS 365 The Complexity of Identity in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison Invisible Man (1952), written by Ralph Ellison, tells the story of a young, college- educated African American man struggling to survive and succeed in a society that is racially divided that refuses to consider him to be a human being. Taking place in the late 1920s and early 1930s, this novel describes the extraordinary journey of an unnamed African American

Off Balance Sheet Accounting Free Essays

Off balance sheet financing is financing from sources other than debt or equity offerings, such as joint ventures, research and development partnership and operating leases. For complex institutions such as banks, they increase their use of off shore subsidiaries and swap transactions to avoid disclosing liabilities. In other words, off balance sheet accounting is a process which a business creates what is practically a debt that it must pay off, but the debt is accounted as another type of transaction that does not count as a liability. We will write a custom essay sample on Off Balance Sheet Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Similarly, this applies to asset too. Operating leasing is the most common form of off balance sheet financing. With leasing, on the one hand, an entity could acquire the right to use an asset through a rental agreement. On the other hand, the entity could purchase the same asset using external finance. While the two arrangements may result in identical net cash flows to the entity, in the case of a purchase both the asset and the associated financing obligation appear on the entity’s balance sheet whereas in the formal scenario rental payments are accounted for as a period expense, with the asset corresponding liability omitted from the entity’s balance sheet. Entities used Special Purpose Entities (SPE), are also known as Variable Interest Entities (VIE) for off balance sheet treatment of deals. SPE or VIE is a corporation or partnership formed for the purpose of borrowing money to buy financial assets. Debts are move to a newly created company (SPE OR VIE) specifically to make a company look like it has far less debt than it actually does, which was the case with Enron. For example, a company needs to finance a business venture but doesn’t want to take on the risk, or when there is too much debt to get a loan. By starting a new SPE, they can secure a loan through the new entity. There are situations where it makes sense to start a SPE. If a company wants to branch out into another area outside of its core business, a SPE will keep that risk from affecting the main balance sheet and profitability of the company. The main factor that companies are doing off balance sheet accounting is to provide a better looking balance sheet with lower reported debt to equity ratio, which usually results in driving their stock price higher. Nevertheless, omission of the asset could help to inflate return on assets. This may make the firms look more creditworthy. For instance, by having operating leases, debt does not appear; thus, reducing financial leverage with an increase in operating leverage. By having lower leverage ratio or higher operating leverage, it could attract more investments from investors; therefore, it drives up the stock prices. Next, off balance sheet accounting allows the firms to receive benefits of the interest deduction for tax purposes while avoiding the obligation and the interest expense on its financial statements. In other words, firms with off balance sheet financing are likely to have tax interest expense that exceeds financial reporting interest expense. However, off balance sheet accounting has brought some impacts toward the stakeholders. Off balance sheet accounting removes the transparency from investors, markets and regulators. Firms use financial engineering to make their balance sheet appear that they are better capitalized and less risky than they really are. Without transparency, investors and regulators can no longer accurately assess risks. This is because investors and regulators use the balance sheet as an anchor in their assessment of risk. The shareholders could only guess at the extent of the firm’s exposure risks. This affects the judgment of stakeholders; and, it could bring tremendous loss to the stakeholders when the firms collapse. The Enron accounting fraud will best illustrate this. In order to overcome this issue, regulators have established several methods through Sarbanes-Oxley Act, MDA as well as new rules on leasing. The Securities and Exchange Commission issues final rules implementing Section 401(a) of the Act relating to the disclosure of off balance sheet arrangement, contractual obligation and contingent liabilities. These rules require disclosure of off balance sheet arrangement that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on a company’s condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors. The disclosure includes elements such as the nature and business purposes to the company of the off balance sheet arrangement and the importance to the reporting company of the liquidity, capital resources, market risk support, credit risk support or other benefits provided by the arrangement. Nonetheless, firms are to disclose the amounts of revenues, expenses and cash flows of the company arising from the arrangements as well as the nature and amounts of interest retained, securities issued and other debt incurred by the company in connection with the arrangements. The rules also require public companies to disclose in a tabular format in their MDA the amounts of payments due under specified contractual obligations, aggregated by category of contractual obligation. The five categories of contractual obligations, consisting of long term debt obligations, capital lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations and other long term debt liabilities reflected on the company’s balance sheet. The table must disclose what portion of payments under these obligations is due within less than one year, from one to three years, from three to five years and more than five years. To encourage the disclosure on off balance sheet arrangement, the amended rules include a safe harbor that applies the existing statutory safe harbors protecting forward-looking information required by the rules. With regard to the disclosure of off balance sheet arrangements, the safe harbor provision indicates that the meaningful cautionary statements element of the statutory safe harbor will be satisfied if the company satisfies all the requirements of the amended rules relating to off balance sheet disclosures. As mentioned above, operating leases can be exploited by entities for off-balance sheet financing – using an operating lease to obtain assets, thereby not increasing leverage and not decreasing return on assets. The proposed new standard on leases by the joint project of FASB and IASB, currently under development, moves away from the current â€Å"risk and returns† basis to a â€Å"right of use basis†. The lessee and the lessor will recognize assets and liabilities individually for all rights and obligations arising from a lease contract. There will no longer be separate treatments for operating and finance leases – all leases will be accounted for on the same basis. In short, operating leasing contract is no longer available and only finance leasing will be used for accounting in the near future. In short, off balance sheet accounting could be use but only with appropriate disclosures are done. By having the disclosures, balance sheet is more transparent to the stakeholders; and, the stakeholders do not need to have a wild guess on the risk of a company. Stakeholders’ investments are said to be more secured. How to cite Off Balance Sheet Accounting, Essay examples

Recommendation for Indonesian Economy

Question: Discuss about the Recommendation for Indonesian Economy. Answer: Introduction: There are various ways of arresting the inflation going on in Indonesia. The main reason for the inflation is a rise in oil price in the country. This results in cost push inflation. Events like Ramadan increases the demand for the products in the country causing demand-pull inflation. Contractionary monetary policy: The government of Indonesia can reduce inflation by taking contractionary monetary policy. The financial institutions in the country, which deals with the public directly, will get less amount of money for the lending purpose. The reduction in the money supply of the country will leave the citizen with less amount of money in hand to spend. This will arrest the spending spree of the citizen and the price level for the available goods will decrease. Increase reserve requirements: Increasing the reserve requirements will reduce the amount of money that the banks can hold for lending purposes. These banks will have to keep on hand more money for covering withdraws. With less money being lent, people will have less money to spend. It will reduce the demand for the goods available in the economy. This will, in turn, ease the inflation situation in Indonesia. This will also decrease the private investment in the country. As a result, people will have less money to spend again because the production faces a halt. The Bank Indonesia will advise how much the reserve requirements will be. Direct or indirect reduction of money supply: The Bank Sentral Republik Indonesia or the Bank Indonesia can increase the interest rates through the Federal Reserve. The banks operating in Indonesia have to give an increased interest rate in order to borrow money from the government. Here, the banks will have to lend to the public at a higher interest rate to make a profit. This will increase the interest rate faced by the citizen as a result. The increased rate of interest will reduce individual borrowing. People will demand less and spend less on goods and services in the country. This will also decrease the total domestic investment in the economy. It will cause fall in income level. With less income level expenditure on products will decrease, and the inflation rate will fall. Supply side policy: The government of Indonesia can increase the long-term competitiveness which will, in turn, increase the productivity in the country. The competitiveness of the organizations operating in the Indonesian market will bring in more ways to reduce the cost of production and decrease the prices. This will reduce inflation in the country. This policy will be applicable for long-run scenario only, as it will take the time to discover the cost-reducing technologies. The hike in oil prices will ease in the long run as well, making the transition period smooth. This will ensure a price level which will be positive for growth. Fiscal policy: The government of Indonesia can increase the tax level in order to reduce liquid money in the market. With less money in hand people will demand less and spend less on goods and products. The government of Indonesia can also decrease the spending on the economy. This will reduce the production and decrease money income in the long run. The effect will be the same as above. The government of Indonesia can also increase the subsidies on oil prices. This will reduce the overall prices in the market which had risen due to higher oil price. As a result, the rate of inflation will go down in the short run. Exchange rate policy: The government of Indonesia can increase the exchange rate to make Indonesian currency stronger than those countries from where Indonesia imports goods, services, and oil. This will reduce the price for import. The reduction in prices of goods and services of import will ensure a reduction in the domestic prices. The inflation due to the availability of goods and services will go down. As the oil price will go down, the overall price for domestic goods will also decrease. This will ensure a fall in the inflation rate. Wage control: The government of Indonesia can reduce the wages of government employees directly. A tax can be implemented on those people working in the private sector to reduce their real income. This will result in less liquid money in the hands of the citizen. With less money, spending in the economy of Indonesia will go down. This will ensure a decrease in the inflation rate of the country. The wages of the citizen of Indonesia facing a downturn will also have a negative effect on the oil prices; the oil consumption will fall. This will, in turn, reduce the overall prices of goods and commodities. References: Alpanda, Sami, and Adam Honig. 'The Impact of Central Bank Independence on the Performance of Inflation Targeting Regimes', Journal of International Money and Finance, vol. 44/(2014), pp. 118-135. Bagus, Philipp, David Howden, and Amadeus Gabriel. 'Causes and Consequences of Inflation', Business and Society Review, vol. 119/no. 4, (2014), pp. 497-517. Geronikolaou, George, Eleftherios Spyromitros, and Panagiotis Tsintzos. 'Inflation Persistence: The Path of Labor Market Structural Reforms', Economic Modelling, vol. 58/(2016), pp. 317-322. Ginindza, Mzwandile, and Esfandiar Maasoumi. 'Evaluating Inflation Targeting Based on the Distribution of Inflation and Inflation Volatility', North American Journal of Economics and Finance, vol. 26/(2013), pp. 497-518. 'Indonesia Annual Inflation Eases to 3.6 Pct in April', Xinhua News Agency,2016. 'Indonesia: Indonesia Inflation Eases to 7.75% in February', Asia News Monitor,2014. Kapetanios, George, Massimiliano Marcellino, and Fotis Papailias. 'Forecasting Inflation and GDP Growth using Heuristic Optimisation of Information Criteria and Variable Reduction Methods', Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, vol. 100/(2016;2015;), pp. 369-382. Mariyanti, Tatik, and Akhmad Affandi Mahfudz. 'Dynamic Circular Causation Model in Poverty Alleviation: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia', Humanomics, vol. 32/no. 3, (2016), pp. 275. Moessner, Richhild. 'Reactions of Real Yields and Inflation Expectations to Forward Guidance in the United States', Applied Economics, (2015), pp. 1-12. Moore, Bartholomew. 'Monetary Policy Regimes and Inflation in the New-Keynesian Model', Journal of Macroeconomics, vol. 40/(2014), pp. 323-337. Sepahvand, Mehdi. 'Liquidity Growth Control Main Factor Behind Inflation Reduction in Iran- MP', Trend Capital. English,2015. Taguchi, Hiroyuki, and Woong?Ki Sohn. 'Inflation Targeting and the Pass?through Rate in East Asian Economies', Asian Economic Journal, vol. 28/no. 2, (2014), pp. 139-159